Where to See Northern Lights in USA: 5 Must-Visit Spots
The Northern Lights, or Aurora Borealis, present a celestial ballet of light dancing across the night sky. This natural phenomenon, usually seen in polar regions, can also be observed in several locations across the USA. In this article, we’ll explore the prime spots where to see Northern Lights in USA, offering a guide to when, how, and where you can witness this stunning display.
What are the Northern Lights?
The Northern Lights, scientifically known as Aurora Borealis, are a natural light display predominantly seen in high-latitude regions around the Arctic and Antarctic. This phenomenon occurs when charged particles from the sun, carried by solar wind, interact with the Earth’s magnetic field.
These particles, mainly electrons and protons, collide with gases in the Earth’s atmosphere, such as oxygen and nitrogen, leading to energy emissions in the form of light. This process creates stunning displays of swirling, dancing lights that range in color from green, the most common hue, to rare shades of pink, violet, red, and blue.
The colors depend on the type of gas particles involved and the altitude at which the collisions occur. Oxygen at higher altitudes, for instance, gives off red light, while lower altitudes tend to produce green hues. Nitrogen, on the other hand, can create blue or purplish-red colors.
The lights are best viewed in a belt known as the Auroral Oval, which centers around the geomagnetic poles and covers parts of Alaska, Canada, Scandinavia, and Russia in the Northern Hemisphere. In the Southern Hemisphere, this belt includes parts of Antarctica and the southern Indian Ocean.
However, during periods of strong solar activity, the Auroral Oval expands, bringing the aurora to lower latitudes and making them visible in more populated areas, including some parts of the northern United States.
When to See the Northern Lights
The visibility of the Northern Lights in the USA is highly influenced by geographical location, solar activity, and seasonal changes. While they can occur year-round, the best time to see the Northern Lights is during the colder months, from late September to early April. This period offers longer nights and often clearer skies, essential conditions for observing this nighttime phenomenon.
Geographical Location: The closer you are to the Auroral Oval, the higher your chances of seeing the aurora. In the USA, this means Alaska is the prime viewing location, but with the right conditions, the Northern Lights can also be seen in parts of the northern contiguous states like Washington, Idaho, Maine, and Michigan.
Solar Activity: Solar flares and coronal mass ejections from the sun increase the intensity and frequency of auroral displays. The solar cycle, an 11-year cycle of solar activity, plays a significant role in this. During the peak of the cycle, known as solar maximum, increased solar activity can lead to more spectacular and frequent auroral displays, sometimes visible further south than usual.
Seasonal Changes: Equinoxes in March and September are particularly favorable for aurora viewing. During these times, the orientation of the Earth’s axis in relation to the sun maximizes the probability of solar wind interacting with the planet’s magnetic field, enhancing auroral activity. Additionally, the extended darkness of winter nights provides a longer window to witness the lights.
It’s also crucial to consider the moon phase and local weather conditions. A new moon or a sky with little moonlight offers the darkest conditions, ideal for observing the faint glow of the aurora. Clear skies are essential, as clouds can obscure the view. Therefore, checking the weather forecast and auroral activity predictions is vital when planning your aurora viewing adventure.
Best Places to See Northern Lights in USA
The United States, with its vast landscapes and diverse geography, offers several prime locations for witnessing the Northern Lights. Each location provides a unique backdrop for the aurora, from the remote wilderness of Alaska to the serene lakes of Michigan. Here’s a look at the best places to see the Northern Lights in the USA.
1. Alaska
Alaska’s position within the Auroral Oval makes it one of the best places in the world to see the Northern Lights. The state’s vast, undeveloped landscapes provide dark skies essential for aurora viewing, and its northern latitude offers a front-row seat to some of the most intense auroral activity.
From late September to early April, when the nights are longest, visitors have the best chance to witness this spectacular phenomenon. Here are the top spots where the skies light up with ethereal colors:
- Fairbanks
- Denali National Park and Preserve
- Chena Hot Springs
- Nome
- Utqiaġvik (formerly Barrow)
2. Washington
Washington State offers aurora enthusiasts unique opportunities to witness the Northern Lights against the backdrop of its lush landscapes and mountains. The key is finding locations far from the light pollution of urban areas, especially during periods of high solar activity. The Northern Lights can occasionally be seen here, particularly during the equinoxes when geomagnetic activity is heightened. The following locations offer some of the best chances to see the aurora:
- Olympic National Park
- North Cascades National Park
- Mount Baker
3. Idaho
Idaho’s combination of high elevation and low light pollution makes it an unexpected yet ideal location for Northern Lights sightings in the USA. The state’s clear, dark skies offer an excellent canvas for the aurora, especially during the peak months of auroral activity. Outdoor enthusiasts can enjoy the natural beauty of Idaho’s landscapes while awaiting the night sky’s display. Venture to these spots for a chance to see the spectacle:
- Sawtooth National Recreation Area
- Priest Lake
- Stanley
4. Maine
Maine, being the northeasternmost state in the U.S., provides a unique vantage point for viewing the Northern Lights, particularly during strong geomagnetic storms. Its remote northern areas, far from the glow of city lights, offer the dark skies necessary for a clear view of the aurora. The best times are from late fall to early spring, when nights are longest. Here are some of the best places:
- Aroostook National Wildlife Refuge
- Baxter State Park
- Acadia National Park
- Fort Kent
5. Michigan
Michigan’s Upper Peninsula (U.P.) stretches into the area where the Northern Lights are more commonly seen, thanks to its northern latitude and areas of minimal light pollution. The U.P. offers several locations with clear northern horizons, perfect for aurora viewing, especially during the fall and spring equinoxes when auroral activity increases. These spots are particularly favored:
- Isle Royale National Park
- Marquette
- Keweenaw Peninsula
- Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore
Each of these locations across the United States offers its own unique set of advantages for Northern Lights viewing, from the remote wilderness of Alaska to the serene, dark skies of Michigan’s Upper Peninsula. Whether you’re a seasoned aurora hunter or a first-time viewer, these destinations provide a memorable backdrop for experiencing one of nature’s most incredible displays.
How to Get Auroral Forecast
Catching the Northern Lights often requires precise timing and a bit of luck, but leveraging auroral forecasts can significantly increase your chances. These forecasts predict geomagnetic activity in the Earth’s atmosphere, which correlates with the likelihood of auroral displays. Here’s how to stay ahead with accurate auroral forecasts:
- KP Index: The KP index is a global geomagnetic storm scale, ranging from 0 to 9, that indicates the strength of the Earth’s geomagnetic activity. Higher values (5 and above) suggest a higher probability of seeing the Northern Lights, even at lower latitudes.
- Aurora Forecast Websites and Apps: Several websites and mobile apps provide real-time data and forecasts for auroral activity. The NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center offers detailed forecasts and alerts. Apps like “Aurora Forecast” and “My Aurora Forecast” deliver updates and notifications based on your location.
- Space Weather Services: Subscribe to space weather services for email alerts or SMS notifications about significant solar flares, geomagnetic storms, or auroral activity. These can give you a heads-up several days before potential aurora displays.
- Social Media and Online Communities: Join online communities and social media groups dedicated to aurora watching. Members often share real-time sightings and tips, which can be incredibly useful for last-minute viewing opportunities.
Understanding and using these resources can guide you to the right place at the right time for an unforgettable view of the Northern Lights.
Planning Your Aurora Viewing Trip
Successfully viewing the Northern Lights involves more than just showing up. Careful planning can enhance your experience and ensure you’re ready when the skies light up. Here’s how to plan your aurora viewing trip:
- Choose Your Destination Wisely: Based on auroral forecasts and historical data, pick a location with a high likelihood of activity during your visit. Consider the accessibility and amenities of the location, such as nearby accommodations or tours.
- Timing Your Visit: Align your trip with the peak aurora season in your chosen location, typically from late September to early April in most Northern Lights destinations in the USA. Keep an eye on the lunar calendar as well; a new moon phase is ideal for darker skies.
- Monitor Weather and Aurora Forecasts: Regularly check both the weather forecast and aurora predictions as your trip approaches. Clear, cloudless skies are crucial for aurora viewing, so be prepared to adjust your plans based on the weather.
- Prepare the Right Gear: Pack appropriate clothing for cold, potentially sub-zero temperatures. Include thermal layers, a warm coat, hats, gloves, and waterproof boots. Bring a headlamp with a red light setting to preserve night vision, and don’t forget your camera equipment if you plan to capture the lights.
- Safety First: Familiarize yourself with the area and local wildlife, and prepare for possible emergencies. This is especially important in remote viewing locations where you might encounter challenging conditions. Consider traveling with a guide or group if you’re unfamiliar with the area.
- Be Patient and Flexible: The Northern Lights are a natural phenomenon and can be unpredictable. Be prepared to wait and keep your schedule flexible to increase your chances of a sighting. Sometimes, this means being ready to venture out in the middle of the night based on aurora and weather forecasts.
By carefully selecting your destination, timing your trip with optimal conditions, and preparing appropriately, you can greatly increase your chances of witnessing the awe-inspiring beauty of the Northern Lights. Remember, the experience of watching the aurora is as much about the journey and anticipation as it is about the moment itself.
Tips on Photographing the Northern Lights
Capturing the Northern Lights requires a blend of the right equipment, settings, and a bit of patience. Here are some tips to help you photograph this elusive natural phenomenon:
- Camera and Lens: Use a camera that allows manual control of settings. A DSLR or mirrorless camera is ideal. Pair it with a wide-angle lens, f/2.8 or faster, to capture as much of the sky as possible.
- Tripod: A sturdy tripod is essential to stabilize your camera during the long exposures needed for night photography.
- Manual Settings: Switch your camera to manual mode. Set your ISO between 800 and 3200, aperture as wide as it goes (f/2.8 is great), and shutter speed between 5 to 30 seconds. Adjust these settings based on the aurora’s brightness and the level of desired detail.
- Focus: Autofocus doesn’t work well in the dark. Before it gets dark, focus your lens to infinity or focus on a distant light source, then switch to manual focus to lock it in.
- Use a Remote Shutter Release or Timer: To avoid camera shake, use a remote shutter release or your camera’s built-in timer.
- Experiment: Aurora strength and speed vary, so experiment with your settings. If the lights are moving quickly, you may need a shorter exposure to capture their shapes. For faint auroras, a longer exposure may be necessary.
- Dress Warmly: Prepare for cold nights. Warm clothing will keep you comfortable while you wait for the perfect shot.
- Battery Life: Cold weather drains batteries quickly. Bring spares and keep them warm in an inner pocket.
- Composition: Include interesting foreground elements to add depth to your shots, such as trees, mountains, or reflections from lakes.
- Patience and Practice: The Northern Lights are unpredictable. Enjoy the experience, and don’t get discouraged if your first photos don’t come out as expected.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Can the Northern Lights be seen in the USA every year?
A: Yes, the Northern Lights can be seen in certain parts of the USA every year, especially in northern states like Alaska, where they are a common sight. Visibility in lower latitudes varies with solar activity.
Q: How far south can the Northern Lights be seen in the USA?
A: During periods of high solar activity, the Northern Lights can sometimes be seen as far south as the northern border of states like Montana, North Dakota, and Minnesota. Rarely, they have been observed further south.
Q: Are there any tours dedicated to Northern Lights viewing in the USA?
A: Yes, there are several tours available, especially in Alaska. These tours offer guided experiences, often with photography tips and warm accommodations, to view the Northern Lights.
Q: What should I do if the forecast is strong but I can’t see the lights?
A: Be patient and wait, as the aurora can be unpredictable and may appear later. Ensure you are in a dark area away from city lights, and keep monitoring aurora forecasts and local weather conditions.
Q: Is it possible to capture the Northern Lights with a smartphone?
A: Recent advancements in smartphone cameras have made it possible to capture the Northern Lights, though the results may not match those from a DSLR or mirrorless camera. Use a night photography app, set up on a tripod, and experiment with settings if your phone allows manual control.
Conclusion
Witnessing the Northern Lights is an unforgettable experience. By choosing the right location, time, and preparing adequately, you can enjoy one of nature’s most spectacular displays right in the USA.
